2794例住院新生儿疾病构成及死亡原因分析

Disease constitute and death cause analysis of 2 794 hospitalized newborns

目的 通过对住院新生儿的病种构成及病死率分析,了解本地区新生儿疾病谱及新生儿死亡原因的变化情况,为新生儿疾病的防治提供依据.方法 抽取西安市临潼区妇幼保健院2005、2007、2009年住院新生儿病历进行疾病构成及死亡原因分析.结果 新生儿肺炎、新生儿窒息、早产儿、新生儿黄疸为新生儿住院的主要病种;新生儿窒息发生率逐年下降,其所占比例2005年为12.3%,2007年为9.0%,2009年为8.6%（χ2=7.12,P〈0.05）;新生儿黄疸发生率逐年上升,其所占比例2005年为10.6%,2007年为12.9%,2009年为23.9%（χ2=70.90,P〈0.01）;新生儿病死率明显下降,死亡病因主要为早产儿及新生儿肺炎.结论 加强孕期及新生儿期保健知识普及,提高产、儿科医生的专业技能水平,做好高危孕产妇及高危儿的管理,建立本地区的新生儿重症监护病房,对新生儿疾病防治至关重要.

Objective To investigate the disease spectrum and neonatal death causes in Lintong district so as to provide some basis for prevention and treatment of neonatal diseases by analyzing the disease constitute of hospitalized newborns and mortality. Methods Clinical records of hospitalized newborns in 2005, 2006 and 2007 in Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Lintong District were sampled to analyze disease constitute and causes of death. Results Pneumonia of newborn, neonatal asphyxia, premature delivery and neonatal jaundice were the major diseases among hospitalized newborns. The incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia descended year by year, and the proportion of it in 2005,2006 and 2007 was 12.3%, 9.0% and 8.6% respectively （X2 =7.12 ,P 〈0.05）. The incidence rate of neonatal jaundice tended to rise year by year, and the proportion of it in these three years was 10.6%, 12.9% and 23.9% respectively （X2 = 70.90,P 〈0.01 ）. The case fatality of newborns declined significantly, and the main causes of death were premature delivery and neonatal pneumonia. Conclusion It is of great importance to pay close attention to health care in pregnancy and neonatal period, improve the professional skills of obstetricians and pediatricians, do well in management of high-risk pregnant women and infants, and to establish neonatal intensive care unit.