女性生殖道人乳头瘤病毒感染的危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors of human papillomavirus infection in female genital tract

目的 探讨女性生殖道人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的危险因素.方法 选择我院门诊进行生殖道HPV检测的女性患者为研究对象共852人,采用频率配比方式选择对照,其中HPV检测阳性者218例为病例组,HPV检测阴性者634例为对照组.HPV检测方法采用凯谱核酸分子导流杂交基因芯片技术.并填写相关的调查问卷.结果 本研究显示HPV感染的危险因素为以下几种：首次性生活年龄过早,首次性生活≤20岁者发生HPV感染的危险性是20岁后开始性生活者的2.14倍;女方性伙伴数量过多,女方性伙伴数量≥3个者是1个的3.81倍;人工流产史,其危险性是无人流病史的1.58倍,而且HPV感染的危险度随着人工流产次数的增加而增加（OR：2.03,95%CI1.30~3.18）;配偶职业为个体经营者的危险性最高,是公务员配偶者的26倍.HPV感染与文化程度、婚姻状况、避孕方式无关.结论 加强对有HPV感染危险因素的高危人群进行随访和定期检查以期早期发现宫颈上皮内瘤变,并早期治疗,可有效降低宫颈癌的发生率.

Objective To explore the risk factors of human papilloma virus （HPV） infection in female genital tract. Methods The female patients visiting outpatient service in Guang＇ anmen Hospital for detecting genital HPV were selected as study objects. Frequency allocated proportion mode selection comparison was used. 218 patients detected with positive HPV were included in case group and 634 patients detected with negative HPV were included in control group. Flow-through hybridization and gene chip （HybriMax） was used in detecting HPV. Related questionnaires were filled in as well. Results Starting sexual life too early, too many sexual partners, history of induced abortion and profession of spouse were the risk factors of HPV infection. The risk of HPV infection in patients whose first sexual life was made younger than 20 years old was 2.14 times of that in patients older than 20 years. The female patients having more than 3 sexual partners suffered 3.81 times of risk of those only having one sexual partner. The risk of history of induced abortion was 1.58 times of that of patients without induced abortion history, and the risk increased with the increasing of times of induced abortion （ OR： 2.03,95 % CI 1.30 - 3.18 ）. The risk was highest if patients＇ spouses were individual managers, which was 26 times of that of patients whose spouses were civil servants. HPV infection was not related with education, marital status and conception method. Conclusion Follow-up for high- risk crowd with HPV infection should be strengthened. Detecting regularly to find cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） early and treat it early can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.