液态生物燃料产业与粮食安全协调发展分析

Anlysis on Harmonious Development of Liquid Bifuel industry and Food Security

目前,生态环境和能源短缺已成为当今世界各国实现可持续发展的最大挑战。为了减少对石油的过度依赖,减少温室气体排放,世界各国纷纷寻找石油的替代能源。液态生物燃料是一种具有经济、环保和社会效应的宝贵可再生能源,是能源多元化战略的一条重要途径,也是我国紧缺能源资源石油的理想替代品。但是生物燃料,尤其是以粮食为原料的液态生物燃料在世界范围内引起了较大的争议,争议主要在于液态生物燃料是否威胁到粮食安全。液态生物燃料产业对粮食安全的影响主要有以下三个途径:一是与粮食作物竞争土地、水等自然资源,间接影响粮食产量与质量;二是直接增加对粮食的需求,抬高粮食价格;三是提高农业及相关部门的生产效率、改变就业结构与收入水平,促进农村发展。据此,提出液态燃料产业与粮食安全协调发展的对策:首先,使液态生物燃料原料种植与现有的农业系统整合;其次,推动液态燃料产业的环境与社会可持续发展;最后,提高农民的参与率,使农民分享液态生物燃料产业链各个环节中的收益。

At present,ecological environment and energy security have become the biggest challenges of the sustainable development.In order to reduce our dependence on oil and emissions that casue of global warming,all the countries in the world are all searching for alternate energy sources.Bioenergyis a precious renewable energy that has economic,social and environmental effects.And it is an important approach to the diversity of energy strategy and also a good substitute.But biofuels especially taking food as raw material generates worldwide controversy.Biofuel industry affects food security through three channels：1.Competes with food on using agricultural natural resources,indirectly affects the output and quality of food;2.Directly increases food demand and price;3.Enhances the productive efficiency of agricultural and relevant departments,adjusts the employment structure and income level and promote rural development.On this basis,this paper provides countermeasures on coordinated development between biofuel industry and food security.Firstly,pursue both food and energy security through an integrated approach;Secondly,promote the environmental anf social sustainability of biofuel industry;Finally,strengthen the participation of small farmers in biofuel industry and make farmer share the profits of biofuel industry Chain.