平流层气溶胶与多种微量气体以及温度的关系

The Relation of Stratospheric Aerosols with Trace Gases and Temperature

本文采用卤素掩星试验(Halogen Occultation Experiment,HALOE)资料探讨了火山活动相对平静期平流层气溶胶与O3、H2O、HCl、NOx、CH4、HF等微量气体以及温度的关系。滞后相关分析显示气溶胶与微量气体和温度有显著关系,不同成分的相关性特征有所差异,中低纬度上空70～20hPa高度上气溶胶与温度呈负相关。标准化多元线性回归显示温度变化的直接贡献者主要是温室气体,气溶胶的直接贡献很有限。本文采用环境重要成分的化学、辐射和输送模式SOCRATES(Simulation of Chemistry,Radiation,and Transport of Environ-mentally important Species)模拟了气溶胶变化对平流层的影响,微量气体和温度的响应总体上与HALOE资料的分析结果吻合,温度的变化幅度远小于气溶胶的变化幅度。结果表明:在气溶胶含量较高的气层内,气溶胶表面的非均相反应对气溶胶与微量气体的关系有重要影响。不同于火山喷发后的致暖,在火山活动相对平静期气溶胶的辐射效应为致冷,这与气溶胶含量较低有关,气溶胶通过非均相反应引起的间接辐射效应强于其自身的辐射效应,但总辐射效应对温度变化的贡献很小。

The HALOE （Halogen Occultation Experiment） dataset is used to study the relation of stratospheric aerosols with trace gases （O3, H2O, HCl, NOx, CH4, and HF） and temperature in a period of relative volcanic quiescence. The lag-correlation analysis shows trace gases and temperature are significantly related to aerosol surface area density. Characteristics of the relevance vary with different components. Temperature is negatively correlated with aerosol for 70-20 hPa over low-and mid-latitudes. Standardized multiple linear regression demonstrates that greenhouse gases are the primary direct contributor for temperature change, and the direct contribution of aerosols is much less. The impact of aerosols on the stratosphere is simulated with the two-dimensional model SOCRATES （Simulation of Chemistry, Radiation, and Transport of Environmentally important Species）. The response of trace gases and temperature coincides with the analysis of the HALOE. The rangeability of temperature is much less than that of aerosols. The result suggests that the stratospheric heterogeneous processes on aerosol surfaces are important for the relation between aerosols and trace gases in the aerosol-enriched layers. The radiation effect of aerosols is cooling in the period of relative volcanic quiescence, which is different from the warming effect after volcanic eruptions. The phenomenon depends on the aerosol contents. The indirect radiation effect via heterogeneous processes is stronger than the direct effect of aerosols themselves, but the total radiation effect makes little impact on temperature.