基于科学技术哲学视阈下的杜亚泉科技思想研究

Research on Du Yaquan's Thoughts of Science and Technology from the Perspective of Philosophy of Science and Technology

杜亚泉是近代中国科技启蒙的先驱,他的科技思想内涵丰富、因时而异。总体上看,其科技思想大致可以分为三个阶段,即初期略显"科学主义"色彩的科技思想:"艺重于政"、"工艺为本";中期怀疑谨慎的科技思想:"崇俭抑奢"、"交融伦理";后期辩证、乐观的科技思想:以辩证、多元并存的态度对待中医的价值,以"科学劳动家"展望中国科技的未来。杜亚泉的科技思想自觉实现了由"科学主义"而理性、谨慎的嬗递,体现出一位科学家和思想家对科学技术、中国科技发展以及中西文明的独特思索。

Du Yaquan is an outstanding forerunner of scientific and technological enlightenment in the modern Chinese history.His thoughts of science and technology are rich in content and keep pace with the times.On the whole,the development of Du＇s thoughts can be divided into three stages.At the initial stage,his thoughts are somewhat characterized by scientism,for instance,technology is the basis and technology is more important than politics.His thoughts of science and technology in the middle stage can be summarized as being skeptical and prudent.Such ideas as advocating simplicity and restricting extravagance and the integration of ethics into science and technology are emphasized.And at the last stage,his thoughts are of dialectical and optimistic type.Du takes both dialectical and multivariate attitudes towards traditional Chinese medicine and views the future of Chinese science and technology as a scientific laborer.In sum,Du Yaquan＇s thoughts of science and technology have realized the transformation from scientism to rationality and prudence,reflecting the unique thinking of a scientist and thinker about science and technology,the development of Chinese science and technology,and Chinese and Western civilizations.