福建沿岸海域浒苔藻类的营养成分含量与食用安全

Nutritional composition contents and food safety for Enteromorpha in Fujian coast waters

对福建沿岸海域浒苔(Enteromorpha)样品的主要组成成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质含量的研究表明,浒苔属高膳食纤维(49.0%～59.1%)、高蛋白质(19.60%～38.24%)、低脂肪(0.20%～0.55%)的藻类.浒苔中17种氨基酸总量(CTAA)与蛋白质含量的比值为74.1%～91.0%;其必需氨基酸含量(CEAA)占CTAA的35.4%～40.0%,CEAA与非必需氨基酸含量(CNEAA)之比为0.55～0.67,且呈味氨基酸的含量丰富(47.1%),氨基酸组成均衡.浒苔油脂中脂肪酸组成丰富,n-3 PUFA含量达油脂总量的20.0%～26.4%,其中含有EPA、DHA.浒苔中矿物质含量较高,尤其富含镁、钙、铁、锌、硒、钾等人体必需矿物元素.有害元素测定结果表明,中、低潮区浒苔的铅、汞、镉、砷含量均能够符合《无公害食品海藻》安全指标的限量要求,养殖区、高潮区部分浒苔的Pb含量超标.研究结果认为,在低污染海区生长的浒苔是一种高蛋白质、高膳食纤维、低脂肪、矿物元素丰富且安全的海洋食品.

The use and exploration of Enteromorpha resource are importance for the green tide remediation. The perspectives of the uses of Enteromorpha in Fujian coastal waters for development of new seafood are studied. Nutri- tional compositions including components such as amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and harmful elements in Enter- omorpha from Fujian coastal waters were analyzed with Hitachi L-8800 Amino Acid Analyzer, GC-MS, GC, AAS, AFS under the analytical methods of food evaluation. The results indicated that Enteromorpha was an algae with higher dietary fiber （40.0% - 59.1% ）, higher protein （ 19.60% - 38.24% ） and lower fat （0.20% -0.55% ）. The ratios of TAA to contents of protein were 74.1% -91.0%. The amino acid compositions of protein were bal- anced with 35.4% -40.0% （ average ：37.2% ） for CEAA/Cneaa, O. 55 - 0.67 （ average ：0.59） for CZAA/CTAA, and with higher contents of flavor amino acids （ average ：47.1% ）. The compositions of fatty acids were rich, and the ratios of n-3 PUFA, including EPA and DHA to the contents of fat were 20.0% -26.4%. The minerals, especial- ly Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, K and Se, were high also. The contents of Pb, Hg, Cd and As were all below the limitation by standard of NY 5056-2005 for the alga that grew in middle or lower tidal zone. Pb may be higher than that of the standard for alga which grew in aquaculture area or in upper tidal zone. The results of this study proves that Entero- morpha grew in less polluted sea might be a nutritional, safe and heahhv seafood.