博士官与秦代文学

On Doctorial Officer and Literature in Qin Dynasty

博士官是秦代国家图书的主管者、政治事务的参议者,担当了后世文馆学士的某些职任,可视为秦代版本的文馆学士。以此为依托而建立的秦代博士制度是唐宋学士制度的远源之一。秦始皇令博士官以文学身份待诏宫廷,最早开始了文臣从驾奉诏作诗的尝试,说明秦代博士还兼充文学侍从、词臣角色。他们从驾期间创作了我国文学史上最早的一组游仙诗,时代要早于汉武帝立乐府好多年,在诗歌题材上具有开创性。总体上看博士官是秦代文学的建设者,他们丰富了秦代文学的作者谱系、创作方式、作品内容。

Doctorial officer is a person in charge of the National Book service and participant in political affairs in Qin Dynasty and plays the role of the later Bachelor of Arts in school and can be regarded as the version of Bachelor of Arts in school in Qin Dynasty.Backed by this Doctorial system established in Qin Dynasty is one of the sources of the degree system in Tang and Song Dynasties.Qin Shi-huang ordered the doctorial officer to serve the Palace as the literary statue and it is the earliest attempts to let literary officer to write poems for the palace.And it indicates that the doctor in Qin Dynasty also plays the role of the literature and CI service.They wrote the first set of poems of fairyland excursion when they served in the palace,which is many years earlier than Music Department in Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty and it has the pioneering on the poetic themes.On the whole,the doctorial officer is the builders of literature in Qin Dynasty and they have enriched the genealogy,authoring method and work content of the literature in Qin Dynasty.