普通小麦与长穗偃麦草杂种及其衍生材料的细胞遗传学特性

Morphological and Cytological Identification of the Offspring Derived from Bread Wheat and Thinopyrum ponticum

对十倍体长穗偃麦草（Thinopyrum ponticum）与普通小麦杂交F1及其与普通小麦回交BC1F1的形态学和细胞学特性进行了分析。结果表明,长穗偃麦草与普通小麦‘兰考矮早八’衍生F1（‘兰考小偃麦’）的根尖细胞染色体数为56条;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型平均值为19.81Ⅰ＋15.78Ⅱ＋0.75Ⅲ＋0.59Ⅳ;基因组荧光原位杂交（GISH）显示,兰考小偃麦中含有35条完整的长穗偃麦草和21条小麦染色体。‘兰考小偃麦’/‘科育818’和‘兰考小偃麦’/‘Cp02-3-5-5’杂交F1的根尖细胞染色体数及其所遗传的长穗偃麦草染色体数分别为50~52和16~22条,且存在染色体易位;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为14.54Ⅰ＋17.40Ⅱ＋0.55Ⅲ＋0.14Ⅳ,平均49.4%的细胞出现多价体（三价体或四价体）。这些材料为创造小麦-长穗偃麦草新种质奠定了基础。

Morphological and cytological performances were investigated in F1 and BC1F1 hybrids from the crosses between Thinopyrum ponticum and bread wheats in this study.The results showed that the chromosomal number of F1 hybrid（＇Lankaoxiaoyanmai＇） which derived from T.ponticum/bread wheat ＇Lankaoaizaoba＇ in root-tip cell was 56;the average chromosome configuration at MI in PMC was 19.81Ⅰ＋15.78Ⅱ＋0.75Ⅲ＋0.59Ⅳ;Thirty-five T.ponticum chromosomes and 21 wheat chromosomes were found in ＇Lankaoxiaoyanmai＇ by genomic in situ hybridization（GISH）.Furthermore,the numbers of total chromosomes and T.ponticum chromosomes in root-tip cells in BC1F1 plants from ＇Lankaoxiaoyanmai＇/＇Keyu 818＇ and ＇Lankaoxiaoyanmai＇/＇Cp02-3-5-5＇ by GISH were observed to vary from 50 to 52 and 16 to 22,respectively.Certain chromosome translocation was detected.The average chromosome configuration at MI in PMC of BC1F1 was 14.54Ⅰ＋17.40Ⅱ＋0.55Ⅲ＋0.14Ⅳ,and the frequency of pollen mother cells with multivalent（trivalent or quadrivalent） was up to 49.4%.The materials obtained in this study lay a foundation on developing novel germplasm from wheat-T.ponticum.