英国荒岛文学二元对立思维范式探析——以《鲁宾逊漂流记》为例

Reflections on Binary Opposition Thinking Model in English Desert Island Literature:An Interpretation of Robinson Crusoe

英国文学对人性的善与恶的解读往往走两个极端,体现出强烈的二元对立思想。英国荒岛文学自然也无法摆脱这种思维范式,而且折射出明显的殖民意识。《鲁宾逊漂流记》就是典型代表,作品中的"主体"象征着正义和理性,而"客体"则代表邪恶和愚昧。"主体"始终处于征服者和支配者的地位,而"客体"则一定处于被征服和被支配的地位。简单的二元对立思维一方面表现出英吉利民族强烈的民族优越感,另一方面也体现出作者海洋观以及世界观的时代局限性。

Moral values and standards in English desert island literature are usually expressed in the description of a series of conflicts between ＂the subject＂ and ＂the object＂.Traditional European literature often interprets people＇s good-and-bad in such an extreme method that intense binary opposition thoughts can be easily seen everywhere.English desert island literature is also greatly influenced by this thinking model and demonstrates obvious colonial ideologies.Robinson crusoe is a good and typical example.＂The subject＂ in this novel always symbolizes justice and reason while ＂the object＂ always represents evil and ignorance;＂the subject＂ is the forever conqueror and dominator while ＂the object＂ is the forever loser and the dominated.This single binary opposition thinking model conveys not only the strong English ethnocentrism but also the limited world view and ocean view at that time.