新生儿院内感染的高危因素分析及预防对策

Risk Factors and Preventive Measures of Neonatal Nosocomial Infection

目的探讨新生儿院内感染的高危因素及预防对策。方法 对我院2007年2月～2011年4月出生的新生儿进行调查研究，并对出现感染的患儿进行相关高危因素分析，并对感染致病菌进行细菌学分析。结果 细菌耐药性、胎儿周龄、出生体重以及侵袭性操作对患者感染呈明显的相关性（P〈O．05）；患者原发病对感染无明显相关性（P〉O．05）；患者致病菌分析表明，大肠埃希菌以及肺炎克雷伯菌是格兰阴性菌中最容易发生感染的菌种，凝同酶阴性葡萄球菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌是革兰阳性球菌最易发生感染的菌种；耐药性分析结果显示不同菌种的各种耐药性有明显的差异性（P〈O．05）。结论 细菌耐药性、住院时间、体重、周龄、侵袭性操作作为新生儿院内感染的独立因素；为降低新生儿医院感染，应当积极采取预防措施，减少患者的感染。对于感染的患者应当及时进行细菌学药敏实验，并根据药敏实验选择合适的抗生素进行治疗，以提高疗效。

Objective To investigate the risk factors for neonatal nosocomial infection and its preventive measures. Methods The hospital from February 2007 to April 2011 to investigate and study the production of newborns, and infection in children associated risk factors, and pathogen infection for bacteriological analysis. Results The site of infection, fetal weeks, birth weight, and operating on patients with invasive infection by the significant correlation（P〈0.05）; patients with primary disease, no significant correlation of infection （P〉0.05）; analysis of patients with pathogens, which Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most likely to Grand-negative bacteria infection of the bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus was a Gram-positive cocci bacteria infections most likely to occur; analysis of drug resistance the results show a variety of different drug-resistant strains had significant differences （P〈0.05）. Conclusion To reduce neonatal hospital infection, should actively adopt preventive measures to reduce the patient＇s infection. For patients infected with bacteriological susceptibility testing should be timely and based on susceptibility testing to select the appropriate antibiotic treatment, to improve patient outcomes.