从TVEI到GNVQ:英国职教改革的选择与转变

From TVEI to GNVQ:the Selection and Change of Vocational Education in England

TVEI、NVQ、GNVQ可谓英国二十世纪八十年代后职业教育改革中浓墨重彩的三笔。在从TVEI到GNVQ的改革过程中,充满着选择与转变,选择主要体现为:(1)满足不同群体的学习需求;(2)改革课程作为改革职教的重心;(3)沟通与衔接学术轨和职业轨。转变表现为(1)注重能力与人——发展视角的转变;(2)紧盯雇主——办学模式的转变;(3)走向规范——职业资格制度的转变。通过论述英国职教的选择与转变,提出一些对我国职业教育改革的启示。

TVEI,NVQ and GNVQ are three very crucial practices in vocational education reform of England after 1980s.In this process,there are full of selections and changes,this paper plan to discuss the three selections and three changes among them.Selection：（1）meets the learning needs of different people;（2）take the reform of curriculum as the core of vocational education reform;（3）connect with the academic way and vocational way.Change：（1）take care of competence and human dignity—the change of development perspective;（2） pay close attention to the employer—the change of school-running model;（3）run to norm requirment—the change of vocational qualifications system.Through discuss the selection and change of vocational education reform in England,this paper hope put to forward some inspirations for the reform of vocational education in China.