论海上保险的欺诈索赔——兼对后合同阶段适用最大诚信原则的反思

On Fraudulent Claims of Marine Insurance——Rethinking on application of the Utmost Good Faith at the post contractual stage

海上保险中的欺诈索赔是指被保险人以欺诈行为提出索赔以取得其无权得到的利益,一般包括三种类型,纯欺诈是其中最为典型的一种。欺诈索赔的认定标准具有多样性和特殊性,其中对夸大索赔和使用欺骗方法进行索赔的认定尤为复杂。欺诈索赔的法律后果具有单一性和严苛性,由此引发了在欺诈索赔环境下后合同阶段是否应适用最大诚信原则的争论。

Fraudulent claims in the marine insurance means that the assured who submits a claim with the fraudulent measures wants to obtain the interests he has no rights to acquire.Generally,it includes three styles,and the pure fraudulent is one of the most typical style.The standard for the fraudulent claims is diversity and particularity,especially the recognition of the exaggeration claims and claims with the fraudulent devices is extraordinary complex.The legal consequences of the fraudulent claims possesses the characteristics of unicity and rigorousness,therefore it sparks a debate that whether the principle of the Utmost Good Faith at the post contractual stage can be applicative.