枸杞表皮蜡质层成分及显微结构的研究

Study on component and microscopic structure of wax of Lycium barbarum L.

利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)研究了枸杞果实表皮蜡质成分,并用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了其蜡质层形态,结果表明:经GC-MS毛细管色谱分析共分离出44个峰,确定其中39种成分,主要成分为二十九烷42.88%、碘代十八烷16.77%、三十四烷6.84%和二十八烷3.01%等;枸杞果实表皮蜡质层厚,呈整齐光滑的束状条带,排列紧密,覆盖枸杞表皮,其上附着大量的蜡质碎片。市售成品枸杞蜡质层束状排列较疏松,束与束之间出现明显的间隙,表面粗糙,有凹陷,蜡质颗粒基本被除去,表明蜡质层受到局部破坏。真空干燥和冷冻干燥处理对蜡质层结构没有影响。脱蜡剂能较完全去除枸杞表皮蜡质,暴露出角质层。

The method of GC-MS was used to analyze the composition of wax of Lycium barbarum L. ,the microscopic structure of Lycium barbarum L. was studied by light microscope and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that 44 chromatographic peaks were separated by GC-MS capillary chromatography,and 39 components were confirmed,the relative quantity of each component was confirmed by area normalization method. The main components of the wax were nonacosane 42. 88%,iodooctadecane 16. 77%,tetratriacontane 6. 84%,octacosane 3. 01% and so on. The results of light microscope and scanning electron microscope indicated：the wax layer of Lycium barbarum L.. was thick,smooth and neat bundles,closely arranged and attached with a lot of wax debris. The wax layer of commercially available Lycium barbarum L. was loose bundles, the gap between bundles and bundles was apparent,the surface was rough,with depression,the basic particles of wax was removed,indicating that the wax layer was partially destroyed. Vacuum dried and freeze-dried process had no effect on the wax layer structure. Dewaxing agent can remove the wax layer more completely and expose the cuticle.