郑州市城市扩张遥感动态监测及驱动力分析

Remote sensing monitoring of urban sprawl based on object-oriented and driving forces analysis:A case study of Zhengzhou City

研究郑州市区城市建设用地扩张特征及主要驱动因素。以1988年、2000年和2009年三个时间的Landsat TM和ETM+遥感影像为主要数据源,采用面向对象和人工目视解译的方法,同时结合郑州市土地利用现状和Google Earth数据,分析了近21a两个时间段城市建设用地空间分布的动态变化特征。在此基础上,利用郑州市社会经济统计数据对城市扩张驱动因素进行了因果分析。结果表明:(1)郑州市区自1988年以来,城市建设用地面积在不断扩大,面积由1988年的126.31km2增加到2009年的303.59km2;(2)自1988至2000年,建设用地面积年均增长率2.18%,年均扩张速率3.1km2;(3)自2000至2009年,建设用地面积年均增长率6.18%,年均扩张速率为12.99km2;(4)两个时间段的建设用地扩张方式在数量上均为以二七广场为中心向四周呈同心圆状蔓延扩展为主;(5)城市人口数量、经济发展、产业结构调整等是郑州市区建设用地扩张的主要驱动力。

The urban sprawl is an important issue to be solved urgently in the 21st century. The population, environmental and social problems resulting from the urban sprawl has drawn wide attention from governments and academic circles. The characteristics and the main influencing factors of urban construction land expansion in Zhengzhou City were researched and analyzed in this paper. The changes of construction land area is studied in the past 21 years based on the Landsat TM/ETM＋ data as one of the main data sources, and using object-oriented and artificial visual interpretation methods combined with land-use map and Google Earth data of Zhengzhou City. On this basis, causal analysis is made between the construction land area and the influencing factors with economic data. The results are drawn as follows. 1） Urban construction land area increased from 126.31 km2 in 1988 to 303.59 km2 in 2000. 2） Construction land area had a year-on-year increase of 3.1 km2 from 1988 to 2000, with an annual rate of 2.18%. 3） Averagely, construction land area expanded by 12.99 km2 per year from 2000 to 2009, with an annual rate of 6.18%. 4） Expansion of construction land is dominated by a concentric-style center at February Seventh Square in the two periods. 5） The main factors affecting urban construction land expansion in Zhengzhou are the number of urban residents, economic development, and industrial restructuring.