人文之维与“精神贵族”:欧文·白璧德大学教育思想评析

Dimension of the Humanities and"Spiritual Nobility":Analysis of Babbitt's Thought of the University Education

欧文·白璧德从新人文主义思想出发,批判美国大学在"功利的人道主义"与"情感的人道主义"的双重影响下,日益受制于"物的法则"与科学方法的律条,陷入到一种枯燥乏味、毫无生气的专业化与狭隘的职业主义中,导致人文精神衰落,民主精神扭曲。他认为大学应该依靠选择性民主,通过对古典著作的模仿、想象与创造来实施人文教育,以完善人性,造就"精神贵族"。

Based on the New Humanitarianism,Trying Babbitt criticized that under the double influences of ＂the utilitarian humanism＂and ＂the Emotional humanism＂American University had increasingly subjected to ＂Material Rules＂and the scientific method law,and fallen into a dry narrow specialization and vocational orientation with no spark. These had led to the decline of the humanistic spirit and distorting the spirit of democracy. He believed that the University should rely on selective democracy, and perfect human nature and create ＂spiritual nobility＂through the imitation of classical writings,imagination and creativity to implement humanities education.