大都市带理论的发生背景、生活方式变革与文化价值理念

The Generation Background,Living Style Transformation,and Merit of Urban Realms Theory

本文以戈特曼1961年《大都市带:美国都市化的东北部海岸》一书中有关大都市带理论的经典研究为基础,系统梳理和阐释戈特曼有关大都市带理论的主要观点。土地使用形式在戈特曼有关城市群理论的叙述中占据相当的篇幅。空间的扩展和重新分布与交通形式密切相关。白领革命是区域发展的最显著特点。"流动性"基本可以归为两类,一是经济和社会地位的流动性,二是指居住环境。戈特曼对于城市群发展的态度是乐观的,虽然曾经的荒野已经不再荒凉,但是繁荣的背后其实也存在许多亟待解决的问题。戈特曼的学术研究或许可以称为"进入新荒野的新使命"——如何避免大都市带化过程中的负面效应,创造更加合理的人类文明形态。无论人们的居所如何远离城市,他们的生活和发展都仍旧与城市中的各种经济和交通功能相联系,这是戈特曼大都市带理论最重要的现实意义。

In 1961, based upon classical urban area theory, in Urban Realms： Urbanized American Northeastern Coast, Gottman systematically expounded his main ideas about the problem. He talked too much about the form of land use. Spatial expansion and redistribution closely relates to traffic form. White - collar revolution is the most prominent feature of realm development. Fluidity could be divided into two kinds ： one is the fluidity of economic and social status ; the other is the residential environment. He is positive to the development of urban realm. Although wild land is no longer wild, the backside of urban prosperity actually has its own problem. Gottmann＇s academic research might be called ＂a new mission of entering new wild land＂. It is how to avoid the negative effect of urbanization and how to create a more reasonable humanistic civilization. However distant people live far away from the urban, their life and development eventually remain related to urban economy and traffic. This could be the most significant and practical meaning of his urban realms theory.