杜威实用社会知识论的批判理论探究

Exploration on Dewey's Critical Theory of Pragmatic Social Epistemology

杜威立足于生存论的思维视域,借助于自然科学,尤其是达尔文进化论,对"知识的旁观者理论"进行了批判与解构,创立了实用社会知识论,其知识论渗透着强烈的批判性。透过这种批判性,让我们看到了现代性与后现代性这两种风格的杜威。在两个杜威之间呈现着张力和矛盾,表征着现代性的杜威高扬科学和民主,其理论走向了科学主义和自由主义;表征着后现代的杜威竖起实用主义和工具主义的大旗,批判与消解基础主义、本质主义和表象主义,其理论走向了相对主义、多元主义和偶然性。通过实用社会知识论的视域,杜威由现代性走向了后现代性,它向我们展示了实用主义的转向趋势。

Based on the view of existentialism and with the aid of natural science, especially with Darwin's theory of evolution,Dewey criticized and deconstructed Spectator theory of knowledge, and founded pragmatic social epistemology which is permeatedwith severe criticism. Through this criticism, we see Dewey's two styles, the modernity and post-modernity, which shows tension andcontradiction. Dewey's modernity uplifts science and democracy, leads his theory into scientism and liberalism. Dewey'spost-modernity raises a banner of pragmatism and instrumentalism, criticizes and dispels the foundationalism, the essentialism andthe representationalism, which leads his theory into the relativism, the pluralism and the contingency. Through the view of pragmaticsocial epistemology, Dewey marched from modernity into post-modernity, which shows us the turning trend of the pragmatism.