广东3家医院变应性鼻炎患者发病情况及常见吸入性变应原的队列调查

A cohort investigation of the allergen and pathogenesis in the patients with allergic rhinitis from three hospital of Guangdong Province

目的:调查广东珠三角地区3家医院经皮肤点刺试验确诊为变应性鼻炎(AR)的流行病学情况,了解常见吸入性变应原的分布情况,以利于AR的防治。方法:采集2008-01-2010-12就诊患者资料,并经皮肤点刺试验确诊为AR的958例患者的完整病史并进行分析。结果:在958例AR患者中,男性以轻度间歇性最多(40.5%);女性以中重度间歇性最多(70.0%);5～15岁患者的症状较重,以中重度为主(73.7%)。点刺试验中以屋尘螨(98.3%)、粉尘螨(96.8%)和热带螨(73.8%)的阳性率最高;只对一种特异性的过敏原过敏的患者仅占1.7%;绝大多数患者对2种或2种以上过敏原过敏。年龄越小,对粉尘螨、热带螨的阳性率越高,过敏原阳性的数量越多。室外过敏原阳性率低,并且明显低于来源于北方的报道数据,其中梯牧草、桦树、豚草、艾蒿等的阳性率分别为3.9%、2.7%、2.0%和1.2%。结论:尘螨是引起广东珠三角地区AR的主要过敏原,室外变应原阳性率明显低于中国北方。

Objective：To study the pathogenesis of the patients with allergic rhinitis diagnosed by Skin Prick Test（SPT）,especially about the epidemiologic data of the involved allergens.Method：The data was collected from 958 patients referred to the listed three allergy center and subsequently diagnosed as allergic rhinitis by SPT.Result：The intermittent mild type was more prevalent in male patients（40.5%）;comparably the intermittent moderate type in female patients（70.0%）;in the infant patients the moderate-severe type dominated（73.7%）.The positive results of SPT comprised mainly of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（Der.p,98.3%）,Dermatophagoides farinae（Der.f,96.8%）,and Blomia tropicalis（Blot,73.8%）.Only 1.7% of the patients was allergic to single allergen,in contrary,the majority of patients were allergic to multiple allergens.The positive rate to Der.p and Der.f was reversely increasing with age of the patients;and contrarily the number of positive allergens was increasing along with the age of the patients.The allergy to outdoor allergen was less common,and the positive rate in skin prick test was lower than the previously reported rate in North China,such as timothy（3.9%）,birch（2.7%）,ragweed（2.0%）,and mugwort（1.2%）.Conclusion：Dust Mite is the predominant allergen for patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangdong province;and the positive rate to outdoor allergen is lower than that in North China.