多级复合半导体纳米材料的制备

Synthesis of Hierarchical Semiconductor/Semiconductor Composite Nanostructures

金属氧化物、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅱ-Ⅵ等半导体纳米材料由于其独特的功能性质已广泛应用于光学、电子、太阳能转化、催化等领域,是当今先进材料领域的研究前沿与热点。随着科技的发展,人们对材料的高效、多功能要求已成为必然,对半导体材料发展要求亦如此。多组分复合、多层次结构协同是实现半导体纳米材料多功能化与高效化的有效途径。构筑多级结构组合纳米半导体,不但可以调控其能带结构而提高半导体材料的光电与催化性能,而且由于多级低维纳米结构聚集时形成的空间位阻效应可以有效克服纳米晶"易团聚"难题。本文提出多级结构组合纳米晶的概念、分类,结合近年来该领域的研究实践,较系统地综述了多级复合半导体纳米结构制备的最新研究进展。首先简要介绍了多级复合半导体纳米材料的概念与典型结构;其次对典型多级复合半导体纳米材料的制备方法进行了重点评述,分别综述了液相法、气相法以及最新发展起来的静电纺丝等方法在多级结构半导体复合纳米材料制备中的应用实践。再其次,对以具有半导体特性的石墨烯及其功能化衍生物为基体的新型多级复合半导体纳米材料的制备做了综述。最后对半导体/半导体多级结构复合纳米材料的发展方向做了展望。

Transition-metal oxides,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductors have been widely applied in optical,electrical,solar-transfer and catalytic fields because of their unique properties.The synthesis and property control of these semiconductor nanomaterials have been one of the hot topics in advanced materials.Multifunction and high-efficiency are the basic requirements for the design of novel semiconducting materials.Multicomponents and hierarchical structures are the efficient approach to fulfill the above requirements,not only it is helpful to modulate the optic,electrical and catalytic properties by tuning the energy band structures,but also helpful to overcome the agglomeration problem via the steric effect of ＂house of cards＂ formed by anisotropic low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures.Firstly,this paper introduces the concept and classification of hierarchical semiconductor composite nanostructures.Secondly,it reviews the synthesis of some typical hierarchical semiconductor composite nanostructures,with emphases on synthetic methods of wet-chemical,vapor growth and electrospinning processes for the construction of hierarchical semiconductor composite nanostructures.Thirdly,the newly developed hierarchical semiconductor composite nanostructures on the basis of graphene and its functional derivatives are also reviewed.Finally,the future research trends in the fields of hierarchical composite nanostructures are discussed.