中俄文化类型比较研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Russian Cultural Types

中国与俄罗斯有着不同的社会发展历史与生存环境,在不同的社会发展过程中形成了种种不同的文化传统与心理,如中国人的中庸之道与俄罗斯人的极端主义,中国人的求同思维与俄罗斯人的崇尚个性发展,中国人的重伦理思维与俄罗斯人的重认知发展等。文化类型是文化学理论体系中一个重要的概念,是文化哲学研究的重要内容。民族精神与思维模式是文化类型理论研究的核心层次,体现着一个民族的整体意识,决定着这个民族人民的行为方式,同时也是区别于其他文化类型的重要特征。超个体观念和文化定型理论是我们研究民族精神和思维模式时运用的两个理论假设,借助这两个理论假设能够更加深入理解不同民族的民族精神以及思维方式的实质,从而揭示作为文化类型核心层次的民族精神和思维模式在中俄两国文化中的特殊意义。

China and Russia differ in their developmental history of society and the living environment,hence in the cultural tradition and psychology.The differences are exemplified by Chinese doctrine of the golden mean vs.Russian extremism,Chinese convergent thinking vs.Russian respect for individuality,and Chinese emphasis on ethics vs.Russian stress on cognitive development.Cultural type,as an important aspect of the cultural philosophy study,is a significant concept within the theoretical framework of culturology.The theoretical study of cultural type focuses on its core fields,national spirit and modes of thinking,which embody a nation＇s collective consciousness,its people＇s way of behavior,and thus become an index to distinguish one cultural type from others.The theoretical hypotheses,i.e.the superindividual concept and cultural stereotyping,are used in the study of national spirit and modes of thinking.Employing these two hypotheses,we can get a deeper understanding of national spirit and modes of thinking and therefore reveal their special significance in Chinese and Russian cultures.