小麦-油菜邻作对麦田主要害虫和天敌的影响

Effects of wheat planted adjacent to rape on the major pests and their natural enemies in wheat field.

应用昆虫群落生态学的群落特性分析方法,于2008年和2009年在河北省邯郸市调查了小麦与油菜邻作对麦田蚜虫及主要天敌群落的构成、丰富度和稳定性的影响.结果表明:小麦与油菜田间昆虫群落的组成相似,主要田间害虫为蚜虫,其捕食性天敌包括瓢虫类、草蛉类、蜘蛛类和食蚜蝇,寄生性天敌为蚜茧蜂;两年间田间昆虫群落的组成有一定的变化,但均表现为邻近油菜的麦田蚜虫丰富度最低,捕食性天敌和寄生性天敌的丰富度最高;邻近油菜的麦田昆虫群落、麦蚜亚群落、捕食性天敌亚群落的稳定性高,远离油菜的稳定性低.该模式可以有效保护和利用天敌,增强田间自然天敌对害虫的控制能力.

Based on the dynamic analysis of insect community structure characteristics,an investigation was conducted on the composition,abundance,and stability of wheat aphids and their major natural enemies in the wheat field adjacent to rape field in Handan City,Hebei Province in 2008-2009.The wheat and rape fields had the similar composition of insect communities.The main pests were aphids,their predatory natural enemies included ladybirds,green lacewings,spiders,and hover flies,and their parasitic natural enemies were wasps.In 2008-2009,the composition of insect communities in the wheat and rape fields had definite changes,but the common features were the lowest abundance of aphids and the highest abundance of predatory and parasitic natural enemies in wheat field adjacent to rape field.The insect community,aphid sub-community,and predatory natural enemy＇s sub-community had a high stability in the wheat field adjacent to rape field and a low stability far from the rape field,suggesting that planting wheat adjacent to rape could effectively protect and make use of the natural enemies and promote their control ability on wheat aphids in wheat field.