上海市学龄前儿童攻击性行为与家庭因素的关系

Relations between aggressive behavior and family factors among preschool children in Shanghai

目的探讨上海市学龄前儿童攻击性行为的发生情况，并了解其与父母教养行为等家庭因素的关系。方法采用儿童行为量表（CBCI）父母问卷攻击行为分量表、父母行为量表和一般情况问卷对上海市10所幼儿园1234名学龄前儿童进行调查。结果根据CBCI量表攻击分量表，12．9％（95％C1：11．0～15．0）的学龄前儿童有攻击性行为，其中男童攻击性行为发生率为13．7％（93／680），女童为11．9％（66／554）。logistic回归分析发现，父母敌意／强制的教养行为（OR=2．396，95％C1：1．636～3．510），以及父母与祖父母对儿童不一致的管教态度（OR=1．867，95％CI：1．287。2．710）更能引起儿童的攻击性行为；相对于无睡眠困难者，经常存在入睡困难（OR=3．415，95％CI：1．901～6．135）或有时存在入睡困难（OR=2．147，95％C1：1．256-3．671）的儿童也具有更多的攻击性行为；此外，儿童看电视时间少于1h／d（OR=0．252，95％CI：0．136～0．467）、父亲年龄大（OR=0．703，95％CI：0．503～0．983），儿童经常参加户外活动（OR=0．617，95％CI：0．399～0．955）是其攻击性行为的保护因素。结论学龄前儿童的攻击性行为发生率较高，需要引起高度重视；在家庭中应注重父母对儿童的教养方式、家庭教育的一致性以及对儿童良好生活习惯的培养，以减少或预防儿童攻击性行为的发生。

Objective To describe the prevalence of aggressive behavior among preschool children and its related family factors. Methods 1234 preschool children in ten kindergartens were rated on their aggressive behavior by their parents, using Child Behavior Checklist （CBCI）, Parent Behavior Inventory （PBI） and a general questionnaire. Results The overall prevalence of aggressive behavior among preschool children was 12.9% （95% CI： 11.0-15.0） according to the CBCL assessment, with the rate being slight higher （13.7%, 93/680）in boys than in girls （11.9%, 66/554）. Data from logistic regression analysis showed that parents＇ hostile/coercive parenting style （OR= 2.396,95%CI： 1.636-3.510） and inconsistent parenting attitude between parents and grandparents（OR= 1.867, 95% CI： 1.287-2.710） would lead to more aggressive behaviors in preschool children. Compared with childen without difficulty in falling asleep, those who often （OR=3.415, 95% CI： 1.901-6.135） or sometimes （OR=2.147, 95%CI： 1.256-3.671） had problem falling asleep at night had more aggressive behaviors. On the other hand, factors as：watching TV less than 1 hour each day （OR=0.252, 95% CI： 0.136-0.467） , father in older age （OR=0.703, 95% CI： 0.503-0.983） and participating in regular outdoor activitiess （OR = 0.617,95% CI： 0.399-0.955） were protective factors to the aggressive behaviors of the children. Conclusion The prevalence of aggressive behavior in preschool children was high which called for more attention. Intervention programs targeting the family should consider the influencing factors as ways of parenting, consistent attitude on parenting in the family etc. to reduce the occurrence of aggressive behavior among preschool children.