儿童烧伤的社会因素分析

Analysis of Social Factors Affecting Pediatric Burns

目的探讨儿童烧伤的特点,并分析其相关的社会因素。方法回顾性研究长海医院烧伤中心2007年1月-2008年12月住院及门、急诊治疗的226例儿童烧伤的相关因素,包括人群分布特点、致伤时间及日期、致伤地点、致伤原因、烧伤总体表面积、家长学历、预防措施、急救措施、住院天数、家庭经济状况等。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行数据分析。结果 3岁以下儿童所占比例最大,大多数烧伤发生在家中,最常见的烧伤是热液烫伤。外来儿童与当地儿童所占比例相当。对于已上学的儿童,节假日或周末烧伤发生率显著高于未上学者。多数家庭对儿童的看护措施未能有效地预防烧伤。在烧伤预防意识及急救措施方面,学历较高的家庭有较强的预防意识,且对烧伤的急救措施显著优于学历较低者。家庭经济收入高低显著影响患儿的治疗,家庭经济收入与住院天数有一定相关性。结论特殊时期(假期及周末)、看护措施、家长学历及家庭经济状况是影响儿童烧伤的重要社会因素,应基于这些因素形成综合的儿童烧伤预防体系。

Objective To study the characteristics of pediatric burns and analyze the related social factors. Methods A retrospective study was performed from Jan.2007 to Dec.2008 at the Burn Center,Changhai Hospital.Medical records of 226 children including hospita-lized ones as well as outpatients with burns were reviewed.Data regarding demographic distribution,time and date of burn,place of burn,etio-logy of burn,total body surface area of burn,educational background of the families,preventive measures,first-aid measures,length of hospital stay,and economic status of the families were analyzed.Statistical analysis was undertaken by SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Results The majority of burns occurred in children below 3 years old.Most burns happened at home and the most common one was scald.The number of migrant burned children was equal to that of resident burned children.The incidence of burns during holidays or weekends was higher for those who went to school.Most of the direct supervision failed to prevent children from burns.The educational background of the families exerted important impacts on burn prevention as well as first aids.The family economic status played an important role on the therapy of pediatric burns,and length of hospital stay was correlated with family economic status. Conclusions Special time such as holidays and weekends,family supervision,educational background of the families and the family economic status are important social factors affecting pediatric burns.A comprehensive pediatric burn prevention system shall focus on the risk factors leading to a high incidence of burns.