汶川地震灾区农村居民住房重建资金获得的影响因素分析

Factors Affecting Households' Access to Residency Rebuilding Funds of the Wenchuan Earthquake

文章使用汶川地震灾区居民的社会调查数据,着重分析了震前家庭社会经济地位、家庭社会网络和灾后恢复的制度性安排等因素对农村家庭获得住房重建资金的方式和能力的影响。研究发现,震前社会经济地位较高、社会网络资源量较丰富的家庭能够获得更多住房重建资金。家庭社会网络中亲戚比例较高对于家庭获得亲友借贷的金额有正面作用,但对获得更多建房资金却有负面影响。政府统一建房补贴和银行贷款政策都更偏重于处在受灾更严重地区的家庭。可见,灾后重建中家庭社会经济地位和家庭社会网络遵循"相对优势法则"配置资源,而政府灾后恢复制度则更可能遵循"相对需求法则"进行资源配置,二者共同支撑着灾后恢复重建。

Based on the data from a household survey in Wenchuan's earthquake-affected area,this paper discusses the factors that influence the household's accessing residency-rebuilding funds with a special focus on three factors,namely family socio-economic status,social networks and institutional arrangement.The study found that families with higher socio-economic status and better-embedded networks resources were able to raise more money for house rebuilding.The higher proportion of relatives in social networks had a positive effect on getting more credit from relatives but had a negative impact on total cost of house rebuilding.Meanwhile,both the government housing subsidies and the government policies on the bank credit gave more priority to the households in more seriously afflicted areas.The results suggest that,during the post-disaster reconstruction,the family socio-economic status and social networks follow 'the rule of relative advantage',and the government policies are more likely to follow the 'rule of relative needs' in re-allocation of its resources.The both rules have been serving the post-disaster reconstruction well.