《资本论》与历史唯物主义微观基础——以马克思的生产力理论为例

"On Capital" and the Microscopic Foundation of Historical Materialism:Taking Marx's Productivity Theory as Example

在《资本论》及其手稿中,马克思深入价值和剩余价值运动的经济(学)的层面,对物质生产和生产力的本质规定、具体形式和内在构成,对其在社会存在和历史发展中的决定性作用,对这种决定性与人的能动性之间的关系等重要问题作了详尽阐释,从而使历史唯物主义的框架性宏观结论在微观层面上获得经验事实和实证材料的支撑。要具体地而不是抽象地理解和把握历史唯物主义的核心范畴和基本原理,停留在《德意志意识形态》是不够的。要以《资本论》及其手稿为基础推进历史唯物主义研究,就必须打破学科分割的局面,并切实注重文献学和文本学方面的研究成果。

In 'On Capital' and its manuscripts,Karl Marx went to the level of the economic movement of commodity value and surplus value and concretely and historically analyzed such important problems as essential determination,concrete forms and inner composition of material production and productive forces,their decisive or primacy role on social existence and historical development,and the relation between objective decisiveness and subjective activity,thus giving microscopic support with empirical facts and positive data to the macroscopic conclusions of historical materialism.This indicated that remaining at the level of 'The German Ideology' was inadequate for concretely,not abstractly,comprehending and grasping the core categories and fundamental tenets of historical materialism.Promoting the research of historical materialism based on 'On Capital' and its manuscripts,the situation which Marxist theory has been divided into philosophy,political economy and scientific socialism must be broken,and conduct studies of the literature in Marxist textology and documetology must be laid stress on.