《中国思想家评传丛书》读稿札记二则

Responses to the Series of the Biographies of Chinese Thinkers

曹操是东汉末年著名的政治家、军事家及诗人。作为历史上备受争议的人物,这不仅因为《三国演义》尊刘反曹的思想倾向已经"深入人心",同时更因其生性多疑、残忍以及"挟天子以令诸侯"的"狡诈"行径,多为士君子所耻。张作耀教授在其承担的思想家评传丛书之一《曹操评传》中给曹操以准确的历史定位,认为是"试图结束军阀混战的有功人",并在此前提下,"肯定其事功和诸多有影响的思想,有区别地对待其诡谲之情,非议其嗜杀以及酷虐变诈的为人",此三分,铸就了本书的学术特色。张先生认为:曹操其实"性不信天命之事",同时,也不慕虚名,而是通过军事、政治、经济、文化多方面的手段,建立实际的功业。张先生还以"建安文学的组织者和领导者"为题,特别分析了曹操的诗学成就以及他推动新文学、新思想运动的杰出贡献。诸葛亮是三国时期著名的政治家、军事家。长久以来,诸葛亮被视为"智慧的化者、清廉的典范、爱民的贤相、正义的卫士"。在国人眼中,他几乎成为一尊"神"。而作为反映历史真实的评传,则必须以可靠的历史事实为根据,考察诸葛亮身上有哪些精神素质使得国人将之推上神坛,又有哪些治国理军的经验教训可供后人吸取。《诸葛亮评传》作者余明侠教授,虽对三国历史资料及学界研究动态了然于心,但为写好本书,竟以年迈之身,溯江而上,千里跋涉,亲访武侯遗迹,故能以情理交融之笔,回答读者期待解决的问题。余先生认为:诸葛亮的根本思想是"兴复汉室"。其可贵之处,就在于他能以非常理性的方式分析天下大势,提出影响深远的战略决策。《诸葛亮评传》详细分析了《隆中对》和《出师表》中所蕴涵的多方面的思想内容。

Cao Chao is a well-known politician,strategist and poet in the late East Han Dynasty.He is a controversial character in Chinese history not only because of the popular idea of pro-Liu and anti-Cao in Chinese folk legend but because of his suspicious and bloody nature.The Biography of Cao Chao written by Professor Zhang Zuo-yao gives Cao Chao a correct historical position.Zhuge Liang,a famous politician and strategist during the three Kingdoms,has long been regarded as an incarnation of wisdom,model of honest official and so on.Professor Yu Ming-xia,author of A Biography of Zhuge Liang based on believable historical facts,points out that the basic thought of Zhuge Liang is ＂the restoration of the Han Dynasty＂,and Zhuge Liang could analyze the situation of world with a very rational method and then make influential strategies.In the Book,Zhuge Liang is a tragic figure.