美国高校心理健康辅导工作的管理探析——以两所美国高校为例

An Analysis of Management of Counseling Work for Mental Health in American University——A Case Study of Two American Universities

美国高校的学生健康中心或心理辅导(咨询)中心设置有分工明确又相互协作的分支部门,注重内部管理,以利于中心的对外服务,促进中心整体专业发展和功能发挥。中心要求从业人员具有心理学相关的博士学位和州级心理学家注册资格;在知识、能力和经验方面,既有共同也有独特的要求。中心的服务内容广泛,侧重个别咨询,也应用网络咨询、团体辅导和工作坊。美国高校重视学校心理健康辅导工作的评估,体现为中心本身、辅导(咨询)活动、方法、效能和专业人员三个层次。从管理角度认识美国高校心理健康辅导工作,对我国高校心理健康辅导工作具有重要借鉴意义。

The institute,function and management of counseling work for mental health in American universities are described and analyzed by on-site investigation into two American universities and literature review.Student Health Center or Counseling Center in American universities has different but collaborative divisions with a focus on inner management in order to benefit its service and improve its professional development as well as its function.The center requests its employees to have psychology related doctorate and qualification as a registered psychologist in state level,some common or special knowledge,ability and experience.The center serves the students,staff and community in different professional fields,addressing individual counseling but also employing website counseling,group counseling and workshop.American universities emphasize the evaluation of their mental health counseling,which carry on three levels that are of center itself,methodology and effect of counseling,and counselor himself herself.To understand the work of mental health counseling in American universities from a perspective of management will have a significance of a reference to the counterpart in China.