埃及现代化进程中的世俗政权与宗教政治

The Secular Authority and the Religious Politics in Contemporary Egypt

伊斯兰教作为中东传统政治文化的组成部分,对当代埃及的政治发展有着重要影响。世俗政权和宗教政治的关系在纳赛尔和萨达特时期主要表现为前者对后者的打击、压制与利用。20世纪80年代以来,由于国际国内形势变化,宗教政治在组织和思想两方面实现内部自我更新,并向社会领域全面渗透,"适应"与"对抗"成为穆巴拉克时期双方关系发展的新趋向和新特点,也使双方政治关系进一步复杂化。世俗政权既想利用宗教势力为大众提供必要的社会服务,又不愿意看到它因此而获取与之竞争的政治资本,导致埃及在推进政治民主化的进程中步履维艰。

Islam,as a part of traditional political culture in the Middle East,has an important impact on the political development of contemporary Egypt.The relationship between the secular authority and the religious politics during the eras of Nasser and Sadat was mainly manifested that the former had suppressed and taken advantage of the latter.With the change of the international and national situations,the religious politics has achieved an internal self-renewal in their organization and ideology,and penetrated in the overall society since 1980s.Therefore,' adaptation' and ' confrontation' became the new trends and new characteristics on both sides during the period of Mubarak,and their political relations became more complicated.The secular authority only wanted to utilize the religious politics to provide necessary social services for the public,while it would not like to see the latter get a rival political capital.This caused great difficulties in the process of Egyptian democratization.