某热电厂工人自尊感与职业紧张相关因素的关系

Correlation between Self-esteem and Occupational Stress among Employees in a Thermal Power Plant

[目的]探讨热电厂工人自尊感与职业紧张相关因素的关系。[方法]采用整群抽样方法对某热电厂875名工人进行调查,用职业紧张测量工具、工作内容问卷和付出-回报失衡问卷等测试电厂员工的自尊感、职业紧张因素、紧张反应、个体特征、应付策略和社会支持。[结果]不同性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、年龄和工龄组间自尊感评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。相关分析结果表明,自尊感与提升机会、决定水平、工作稳定、回报、心理卫生、正性情绪、工作满意感、上级支持及同事支持呈正相关（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,与角色模糊、角色冲突、工作前景、躯体需求、负性情绪、抑郁症状、每日紧张感和工作心理控制源呈负相关（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。方差分析结果显示,自尊感评分低、中、高水平组间提升机会、决定水平、工作稳定性、回报、心理卫生、正性情绪、工作满意感、上级支持、同事支持、控制策略和支持策略、角色冲突、角色模糊、工作前景未知性、躯体需求、工作心理控制源、抑郁症状、负性情绪评分差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.001或P〈0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,高自尊感可减少心理健康不佳、抑郁症状和每日紧张感的发生（OR值=0.162~0.340）。[结论]自尊感与职业紧张因素、缓解因素和紧张反应的感知有关,增加自尊感可减少职业紧张。

[Objective] To study the correlation between self-esteem and occupational stress related factors among employees in a thermal power plant.[Methods] A total of 875 workers were enrolled by cluster sampling method.Self-esteem,occupational stressors,strains,personalities,coping strategy and social support were measured using occupational stress instrument,job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire.[Results] The differences of self-esteem scores among different gender,age,educational level,marriage status,smoking and drinking,and length of service groups did not show statistical significance（P0.05）.Correlation analysis revealed that self-esteem score was positively related to promotion opportunity,job control,job stability,rewards,mental health,positive affectivity,job satisfaction,superior support and coworker support scores（P0.01 or P0.05）,and negatively to role ambiguity and conflict,job future ambiguity,physical demands,negative affectivity,depressive symptoms,daily life stress and work locus of control（P0.01 or P0.05）.Variance analysis found that there were statistical differences between the workers with high,medium and low self-esteem scores of promotion opportunity,job control,job stability,rewards,mental health,positive affectivity,job satisfaction and buffering factors,role ambiguity and conflict,job future ambiguity,job demands and depressive symptoms scores（P0.001 or P0.05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high self-esteem reduced the risk of mental ill-health,job dissatisfaction and daily life stress（OR=0.162—0.340）[.Conclusion] Self-esteem is associated with perceived occupational stressors,buffering factors and strains.Increment of self-esteem could decrease occupational stress.