稀土矿露天开采过程的污染及对资源和生态环境的影响

Contamination from rare earth ore strip mining and its impacts on resources and eco-environment

随着我国矿山开采活动的增加,矿山周边的生态环境面临前所未有的压力,并且产生了一系列的资源、生态与环境问题。本文介绍了我国典型稀土矿露天开采的主要方法和工艺流程,概述了稀土矿露天开采过程所产生的放射性污染、重金属、氟、氨氮和硫酸根污染问题,并且阐明了稀土矿开采对资源回收利用、周边大气、植物、水生态系统、土壤环境的影响与潜在的危害,为稀土矿区的污染综合整治和污染环境的生态修复提供科学依据。

With the increasing mining activities in China,the surrounding eco-environment of mines is faced with unprecedented pressure,including a series of resources,ecological,and environmental problems.This paper introduced the main methods and technical processes for strip mining of typical rare earth ore,summarized the radioactive,heavy metals,fluoride,ammonia,and sulfate contaminations from the mining,and illustrated the impacts and potential hazards of the mining on resources reclamation and utilization,surrounding air,plants,aquatic ecosystems,and soil environment,which could provide scientific bases for the future integrated pollution control and ecological remediation of contaminated environment in rare earth mining areas.