蔬菜作物积累硝酸盐的基因型差异及环境意义

Genotype difference and its environmental significance of nitrate accumulation in vegetable crops

城郊土壤富营养化已成为目前城郊农业生态系统可持续发展不可回避的环境问题之一,氮、磷养分富集是城郊土壤富营养化的重要表现形式,因土壤氮素积累而引起的蔬菜可食部位硝酸盐超标是一个亟待解决的技术难题。本文综述了不同蔬菜种及品种间吸收积累硝酸盐的基因型差异及其差异形成的生理生化机制,指出充分利用我国丰富的蔬菜种质资源,以植物吸收积累硝酸盐的基因型差异为理论基础,筛选弱吸收低积累蔬菜作物品种,是削减、控制蔬菜可食部位硝酸盐含量的关键性技术,有可能缓解城郊区脆弱生态环境条件下集约化生产对硝酸盐农艺阻控措施的依赖。

Suburban soil eutrophication has become an environmental issue not evasive for the sustainable development of suburban agro-ecosystem.The enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorous is the main manifestation of suburban soil eutrophication,and the excessive accumulation of nitrate in edible parts of vegetables induced by soil nitrate accumulation is a technical puzzle to be solved urgently.This paper summarized the research progress on the genotype difference in the nitrate accumulation of different vegetable species and varieties and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the formation of the difference.It was considered that to fully use our rich vegetable germ plasma resources to screen the vegetable varieties with weak uptake and low accumulation of nitrate based on the genotype difference in absorbing and accumulating nitrate would be the key for decreasing and controlling the nitrate content in vegetable edible parts and for reducing the relying on nitrate agronomy of intensive production in suburban fragile eco-environment.