宋代土地契约法律制度

The Land Contract Law System of Song Dynasty

宋代的土地制度与以前的土地制度相比有所变化,在土地制度方面采取"田制不立"、"不抑兼并"的政策。宋代承认并保护土地私有产权的合法性,保护私人对土地的占有权和使用权。宋代土地私有制下的财产流转加快,土地可卖、可典、可租,形成错综复杂、交织重叠的多方面的法律关系。宋代政府制定了大量的关于土地交易的法律法规。宋代土地制度的突出表现就是宋代土地契约制度的完善,包括土地流转中的形式,绝卖、典卖、租佃契约的法律规定,还有田宅买卖契约制度中的亲邻优先权制度、官版契纸、印契、契税、过割、离业制度等。

The land system of Song Dynasty was different from the previous land system,taking the non-control of annexation land policy.The Song government recognized and protected legitimacy of private land ownership,and applied laws to protect private ownership of land right and using right.The Song Dynasty＇s property circulation accelerated under the system of land private ownership,land could be sold and lent,which formed complicated legal relationship in many aspects.The Song government made a lot of laws and regulations on land trading.The land system of Song Dynasty is reflected in the perfection of land contract system,the land transfer in the form of a kind of sale,the tenancy contract law,house sale contract system in maintaining the priority system,official version of paper,printing contract as well as land security system.