“元曲”观念在元明两代的差异与衍变

On the Different View of Writers of the Yuan Qu in the Yuan and Ming dynasty

依照现代学术话语,元曲是散曲与杂剧的总称,从"曲"的层面看,作为合乐而唱的"韵"文学,杂剧与散曲均可归属于诗歌的范畴。但是,如果我们回到元代的文学语境,从当时文人的视角观察,散曲与杂剧仍有明显的区分,散曲可归为"乐府"的范畴,杂剧则归属为"传奇"、"院本"一类,它们不仅各有其独立的艺术生命形式,甚至称谓也不尽相同。明代以来,散曲与杂剧的观念发生了微妙的衍变,散曲逐渐与杂剧并称为"元曲",与元代文人固有的"曲"的观念或多或少存在着差别,因此有必要对"元曲"的称谓及观念作细致的梳理,以彰显杂剧与散曲的渊源流变与发展轨迹。

As a kind of verse, Yuan Dram and Qu verses can be classified as poetry. If we came back to the cultural context in Yuan dynasty, Qu Verses can be classified as poetry, but Yuan Dram can be classified as story, the original ideas of writers of the Yuan dynasty are somehow different from the popular view since the Ming and Qing dynasty, even vastly different from the general definition held by modern people. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and organize the names and views of Yuan Qu.