不同N、K肥用量对青海春小麦产量及品质的影响

Effect of Different Rates of N and K Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat in Qinghai Province

通过田间小区试验研究不同用量N、K肥配比对青海省东部灌溉农业区春小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,N、K配施能够明显地提高春小麦产量和蛋白质含量。N0水平各处理春小麦产量平均为2 542.8 kg/hm2,N1水平各处理产量平均为3 933.5 kg/hm2,比对照增产63.5%~67.8%,N2水平各处理产量平均为4 494.5 kg/hm2,增产88.2%~91.4%。N0处理的小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量为101.4~105.4g/kg,明显低于N1、N2处理（108.1~125.9 g/kg）。不同K水平之间产量和蛋白质含量均无显著差异,但在同一N水平下,随着施K量的增加,产量和蛋白质有增加的现象。N、K营养元素之间存在交互作用。通过该试验初步确定该地区春小麦达到高产优质的适宜N用量为300 kg/hm2,K用量为K2O 90 kg/hm2。

Different rates of N and K fertilizer were applied with P fertilizer fixed to find relationship between N,K fertilizer and spring wheat yield and the quality for food through field plots test in eastern irrigating agricultural areas,Qinghai province.The result shows that combination of N and K fertilizer can increase yield and improve protein content great significantly.The average yield in the N0 treatments was 2 542.8 kg/hm2,in contrast,the average yield in the N1 treatments was 3 933.5 kg/hm2 which was 63.5%-67.8% higher compared to the control treatment,and the average yield in the N2 treatments was 4 494.5 kg/hm2 which was 88.2%-91.4% higher compared to the control treatment.The protein contents were 101.4-105.4 g/kg in the treatments without N fertilizer（N0） and were lower significantly than that in the treatments with N fertilizer（N1,N2） which were 108.1-125.9 g/kg.There was no significant difference between yields and protein contents under different K levels.However there was moderate increase of yield and protein content with increase of K fertilizer under identical N level.The two nutrients have positive interaction to some extent.Through this test the optimal fertilization rates of N and P fertilizer were recommended primarily as N 300 kg/hm2 and K2O 90 kg/hm2.