注意缺陷多动障碍儿童视感知发育的对照研究

Visual perception development in children with ADHD

【目的】揭示注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的视感知发育特点,为探索其成因、完善治疗方法提供依据。【方法】根据ICD-10注意缺陷多动障碍的诊断标准,选取来自复旦大学儿科医院心理门诊的41例患儿为研究对象,并选取性别年龄配对的正常儿作为对照。分别采用Frostig视觉感知发育量表和韦氏智力量表进行测试,分析测试结果及相关性。【结果】1)病例组总视感知,以及缩减运动的视感知和视运动整合两成分因子所得标准分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)男生空间位置、视觉关闭和手眼协调分测试明显低于对照组(P<0.05),女生空间位置、视觉关闭、图形稳定性、手眼协调、临摹、空间关系分测试低于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组男生手眼协调分测试明显低于女生(P<0.05)。3)病例组的言语智商、操作智商和全量表智商均低于对照组GVP、MRP及VMI与FIQ、PIQ、VIQ均有相关(r=0.4～0.7,P<0.001)。【结论】注意缺陷多动障碍存在着视感知发育的落后或缺陷,男女生的视感知能力具有不同的特点,在注意障碍儿童的治疗中,必须同时努力促进儿童的视觉感知发育。

[Objective] To reveal the characteristic of visual perception development of children with ADHD. [Methods] Frostig visual perception development test-II and Wechsler intelligence scale for children were tested in 41 subjects and the normal controls matched by age and gender. All subjects came from the psychological clinic of Children＇s Hospital of Fudan University. The diagnosis was made according to the criteria of ICD-10. [Results] 1） The scores of the general visual perception （GVP）, the motor-reduced visual perception （MRP）, and the visual-motor integration （VMI） of ADHD children were significantly lower than those of healthy children （P〈0.05）, 2）The scores of the position in space （PS）, the visual closure （VC）, the eye-hand coordination （EH） of ADHD children were significantly lower than those of healthy children in boys. The scores of the PS, the VC, the form constancy （FC）, the EH, the copying （CO）, the spatial relations （SR） of ADHD children were significantly lower than those of healthy children in girls. The scores of EH of boys were lower than girls in ADHD children. 3） The VIQ, PIQ, and FIQ of ADHD children were lower than healthy children. [Conclusions] There is visual perception development delay or deficient in the children with ADHD. The different characteristics of visual perception development are found between girls and boys. The visual perception should be promoted in the treatment of ADHD children.