巴赫金对话理论中的“盲视”——一种保罗·德曼式阅读

The "Blindness" in Bakhtin's Dialogism——A Paul de Manian Reading

"对话"是巴赫金理论体系中的核心概念,它体现了他的认识论、存在论和价值论等多方面的重要思想。然而,美国著名解构主义思想家保罗.德曼却以语言的修辞性为基本立场,把对话看作是解构巴赫金思想体系的重要的"墙角石":第一,对话作为理论术语和巴赫金现实生活的潜意识对应,在某种程度上会影响其理论体系向艺术创作的辐射力度,造成阅读过程中的盲视;第二,对话作为文艺研究方法,忽视了虚构与现实之间的关系,否认文本语言的转义性,造成了阅读过程中诗学话语和阐释话语两种阅读模式之间的不确定性。

Dialogue is the core concept within Bakhtin＇s theoretical system,with a representation of his thoughts on epistemology, existence and theory of value. However, the well-known American de-con- structionist Paul de Man, taking rhetoricity of language as the basic standpoint, sees dialogue as its ＂cornstone＂ deconstructing the system. Firstly, dialogue as the theoretical term becomes the unconscious response to Bakhtin＇s life,effecting influence upon its application into artistic writing and resulting in a kind of blindness in reading process; secondly, dialogue as way of study, neglecting the relationships between fiction and reality and denying the tropical nature of language, causes the indeterminacy between the descriptive discourse of poetics and the normative discourse of hermeneutics in reading process.