短跑鞋鞋钉受力分布的研究

Research on the Pressure Distribution of Spikes in Different Short-Running Shoes

目的:对短跑鞋鞋钉分布的合理性进行生物力学分析与评价,为科学选择或设计钉鞋提供参考;方法:18名专业短跑运动员分别穿三种不同鞋钉分布的钉鞋全力跑,经过上面铺有塑胶跑道的测力平板,测试足底和鞋钉尖端部位区域的压强分布与变化,通过高速录像分析运动员右脚着地前瞬间的重心水平速度;结果与讨论:两排7钉鞋在第一跖骨位置没有安装鞋钉不符合足底受力分布规律,鞋钉2和3位置设计重复;三排7钉鞋和8钉鞋设计合理性好于两排7钉鞋。两排7钉鞋在第二排的鞋钉4,如果安置在靠近脚掌内侧第二、三跖骨位置,效果会更好;8钉鞋第二排最外侧的鞋钉5作用不大,可以考虑去掉。结论:8钉鞋的加速性能最好,三排7钉鞋其次,两排7钉鞋最差;8钉鞋最符合足底受力分布实际情况,其次是三排7钉鞋,最差的为两排7钉鞋,在设计上有明显不合理之处。

Objective： To analyze and evaluate the rationality of pressure distribution of spikes in different short-running shoes in order to select and devise better spikes shoes for athletes.Method： 18 sprinters wearing three different spikes shoes individually run at full speed on a pressure measuring system covered by plastic surface.The plantar pressures and the pressure distribution on the tip of spikes were measured.The velocity of athlete＇s body weight center was measured and calculated by high speed videos camera and software.Result： It was not rational that no spikes were installed under the first metatarsus place in the second shoe.No.2 and No.3 spike were also redundant.The role of No.4 spike in the second rank of the first shoes would be more useful if it was close to the place of the second and third metatarsus.No.5 spike in the second rank of the third shoes may be removed for its less use.Conclusion： the third running shoes is the best in improving the athlete＇s running speed,next to the first shoes,the second running shoe is the worst.In comparison,the design of the third shoes was the best that accords with plantar distribution when running,the next was the first spikes shoes,and the second shoes was the most irrational which has a limitation to use.