摘要
1990年3～8月,爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛宣布从苏联独立。独立之后,波罗的海沿岸国家的农业从原来以庞大的集体农场为特征的国有经济,转变为以私有家庭农场为特征的市场经济。由于财政原因,无机肥的使用量下降到50年代的水平。1994年饲用牧草和饲料作物的产量仅分别为瑞典的40%和50%。由于出口的减少,波罗的海国家肉、奶、蛋总产量从1989年到1994年下降了40%～50%。本研究的目的是探讨独立以后波罗的海国家农业中氮、磷流动的变化,并与同期瑞典农业生产情况进行比较,特别是关于养分流动的变化,是否已经引起了养分从渡罗的海国家向波罗的海径流的变化。
During March-August 1990, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania proclaimed independence from the Soviet Union. After independence, agriculture in the Baltic states changed from a state controlled economy with huge collective farms to a market economy with privately owned family farms. Due to the financial situation, the use of mineral fertilizers dropped to the 1950s level. During 1994, the yields of forage grass and fodder drain were only 40% and 50%, respectively, of Swedish yields. Due to the loss of export possibilities, the total production of meat, milk and eggs in the Baltic states declined by 40-50% between 1989 and 1994. The aim of this study is to demonstrate changes in nitrogen and phosphorus flows within agriculture in the Baltic states after independence and to make comparisons with the situation in Swedish agriculture during the same period of time. A special study was made of whether the changed nutrient flows have caused changes in nutrient runoff from the Baltic states to the Baltic Sea.
