摘要
本文通过研究25个大小为21000～144000km^2的亚流域向波罗的海每日总径流排放量,设计了宏观尺度的大规模水文模型。每日气象输入通过记录的每月河流量校准。通过一个被验证的概念模型得到了合理的水分平衡模型,而且把细节水平保持在最低限度。该模型揭示了波罗的海5个主要流域水分平衡的重要因素。它可用于波罗的海试验(BALTEX)中与气象学和海洋学的合作研究。它为组合模型的设计提供了离线分析,并能够满足真正的组合模型实现之前的需求。而且,该模型适合操作应用,将被用于扩展径流记录,填充不可得数据以及对新观察进行质量检验。
A large-scale hydrologic model of macroscale dimension for total daily runoff to the Baltic Sea has been developed using 25 subbasins ranging from 21 000 to 144 000 km2. Daily synoptic input was calibrated against monthly recorded river flows. Reasonable model results for the water balance were obtained while keeping the level of detail to a minimum with a proven conceptual modeling approach. Important elements of the modeled water balance are presented for the five main Baltic Sea drainage basins. The model is used for cooperative research with both meteorological and oceanographic modeling within the Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX). It provides off-line analysis for coupled model development and fills a needed role until truly coupled models become available. Furthermore, the model is suitable for operational applications and will be used to extend runoff records, fill in missing data, and perform quality checks on new observations.
