西北诸河河流生态环境需水量分析

Eco-Environmental Water Demand of the Rivers in the Northwest China

西北诸河区是我国大陆的重要生态屏障区,也是生态脆弱区,生态用水被大量挤占,导致生态环境不断恶化。在综合分析的基础上,提出西北诸河生态环境保护的总体目标是维持河流生态系统的健康、维持合理的地下水位、形成具有良性循环的水生态系统,应根据不同河流自身的水资源情况,遵循可行、合理、有限目标,实现生态环境保护与经济社会协调发展。西北诸河生态环境需水应主要考虑维持河流两岸生态植被所消耗的水量、沿途蒸发渗漏损失和维持尾闾湖泊所需要的水量。通过分析计算得出,西北诸河河流生态环境需水量为798.18亿m3,占地表水资源量的63.17%,不同河流生态环境需水状况差别很大。

As a crucial ecological barrier region as well as the ecological fragile region,the rivers in the northwest China faced ecological water taken-up and serious eco-environment deterioration.Based on a comprehensive analysis,the general goal of eco-environment protection is purposed,i.e.to maintain the river ecosystem health and reasonable ground water table and form a virtuous circle of water ecosystem.Meanwhile,this goal is making for the harmonious development of economy and society,which depending on analyzing water resources conditions of rivers and making feasible,reasonable and limited objectives.To analyze eco-environmental water demand of rivers in the northwest China,water using for ecological vegetations along the river banks,water losing for evaporation and seepage,and water maintaining terminal lake should be considered.By calculation,the eco-environmental water demand is 79.818 billion m3,which takes up 63.17% of the surface water resources.The eco-environmental water demand varies greatly in different rivers.