西北诸河水资源开发利用调查评价

Survey and Assessment of Water Resources Utilization and Protection of the Rivers in the Northwest China

对西北诸河地区1980—2008年的用水水平和效率、水资源开发利用程度,以及供水量、用水量的结构变化进行了分析。西北诸河地区水资源开发利用存在的主要问题:水资源先天不足,部分地区水资源利用超过其承载能力;生态环境脆弱,不合理的经济社会活动导致区域生态环境恶化;用水效率较低,不适应水资源可持续利用的要求等。今后应以流域为单元,加强水资源统一规划和管理;以节水为中心,提高水资源利用效率;加强生态环境保护,协调好经济社会发展用水与生态环境用水之间的关系。

This paper analyzed the level and efficiency of water use,the degree of water resources development and utilization,as well as the changes of the structure of water supply and water use of the rivers in the northwest China from 1980 to 2008.The main problems of water exploitation in the rivers in the northwest China are pointed out： because of water deficiency in some areas,water use exceeds the carrying capacity of the rivers;ecological environment is fragile,irrational regional economic and social activities leading to environmental degradation;water use efficiency is low,difficult to adapt sustainable water use requirements.In the future,people should strengthen integrated water resources planning and management based on watershed as a unit,improve water use efficiency according to water saving as the center,strengthen environmental protection,and coordinate the relation of water demand between economic and social development and ecological environment.