“生态系统方法”与海洋环境保护法创新——以渤海治理为例

The ＂Eco-system Approach＂and the Innovation of Marine Environment Protection Law--A Case Study of Management in the Bohai Sea

环境问题的系统性和客观性决定了良好的环境治理必须打破区划界限，从生态系统整体出发调动利益相关者共同参与，以科学为基础针对环境特点进行“适应性”管理，此即“生态系统方法”。生态系统方法已被广泛应用于海洋管理，其在立法上的直接体现是对特定海域进行专门性综合保护的“区域海洋法”。从生态系统方法的六大实践性原则来看，我国现行海洋保护法并没有贯彻这一思想，这是渤海治理的制度困境所在，也是我国海洋管理法的根本缺陷。为解决渤海治理困境，应制定“渤海综合治理法”。而对于我国内海的整体保护而言，需要以“海区法”为单位重构我国的“内海海洋法”体系。

Environmental problems have the nature of systematics and objectivity. Therefore, efficacious management of environmental problems requires the breaking down of administrative divisions, the wide participation of all stakeholders based on the overall ecosystem ,and the ＂adaptive administration＂ according to the environmental characteristics on the basis of science. This is the so-called ＂Eco-system Approach＂. The ＂Eco-system Approach＂ has already found wide application in marine management, which was directly reflected in the legislation of ＂Regional Law of the Sea＂ that aims at specialized and comprehensive protection of specific waters. From the perspective of the six practical principles of the Eco-system Approach, China;s current marine protection law fails to implement this approach. This is where the institutional dilemma is for the management of the Bohai Sea,and the fundamental flaws of China＇s law of marine administration. In order to solve the management predicament of the Bohai Sea, it is necessary to draft ＂The Law of Comprehensive Management in the Bohai Sea＂. On the other hand, for an overall protection of China＇s inland sea,it is an advisable approach to reform the system on ＂The Law of Inland Sea＂ by the adoption of different marine zone laws.