2006—2010年南宁市兴宁区麻疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in Xingning District of Nanning City during 2006-2010

目的了解南宁市兴宁区2006—2010年麻疹流行病特征与规律,为今后麻疹防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法根据中国疾病预防控制信息系统和麻疹流行病学个案调查表,对南宁市兴宁区2006—2010年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果南宁市兴宁区2006—2010年共报告麻疹240例,病例以散发和局部暴发为特征,年平均发病率1.6/10万。发病高峰在3—8月份,以散居儿童为主,发病年龄集中<5岁年龄组,其中<8月龄和8月～组占大多数,成人麻疹也有一定比例。结论加强儿童麻疹接种率,普种和强化接种相结合是降低麻疹发病率的有效手段;落实入学入托查验接种证制度保证大年龄组儿童免受麻疹感染的根本途径,卫生部门、社区组织、派出所等部门形成一个长效的计划免疫管理机制是提高流动儿童麻疹接种率的有效探索。同时考虑对麻疹初免年龄提前到6月龄以及对育龄妇女在生育前进行麻珍疫苗注射是降低<8月龄儿童麻疹的有效措施。

[Objective]To understand the epidemic characteristics and rules of measles in Xingning District of Nanning City from 2006 to 2010,and provide scientific evidence for developing future measles control strategies. [Methods]According to the China Disease Prevention mid Control Information Systems and cases of measles epidemiological survey,the incidence of measles in Xingning District of Nanning City from 2006 to 2010 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. [Results]A total of 240 cases of measles were reported during 2006-2010,case distribution were characterized as sporadic cases and local outbreak,the average annual incidence rate was 1.6/100 000.The peak incidence appeared during March to August,mainly scattered children,the age of onset concentrated in 5 years age group,among which children aged 8 months and 8 months to 5 years accounted for the majority group,there was a certain proportion of adult measles. [Conclusion]Strengthening measles immunization rate,combining EPI and supplementary measles vaccination is the effective way to reduce the incidence of measles.Implementation of checking vaccination certificates was the fundamental approach to protect the school-age children against measles.The long-term immunization management mechanism formed by health departments,community organizations,police station,etc can help to improve the measles immunization coverage of floating children.The earlier age of primary immunization of measles to 6 months of age and immunization on women of childbearing age before pregnancy are the effective measures to reduce the measles incidence of 8-month-old children.