2003—2010年江苏省沭阳县狂犬病疫情分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Rabies in Shuyang County of Jiangsu during 2003-2010

目的探讨狂犬病流行因素和制定有效防治措施。方法对2003—2010年沭阳县狂犬病疫情进行统计学分析。结果 2003—2010年该县狂犬病累计发病60人,死亡60人,年均发病率为0.42/10万,病死率为100%。男女性患者分别为38、22人,性别比为1.73∶1。年龄最小5岁,最大70岁,平均年龄38.36岁,以40～59岁年龄组为发病高峰,共24例,占发病总数的40.00%。职业以农民为主,共47人,占78.33%。夏秋季发病较多,合计37人,占61.66%。伤口及时和规范化处理0人,暴露前狂犬疫苗和抗狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白接种都为0人,暴露后接种狂犬疫苗的有12人,其中首针24 h内接种0人,3人完成全程接种,5人在接种完第4针后发病,4人在在接种完第3针后发病,其余48人未接种狂犬疫苗。结论伤口处理不规范和疫苗接种率低下是导致发生狂犬病的主要原因。

[Objective]To study the epidemiological factors of rabies,and make the effective control measures. [Methods]The epidemic situation of rabies in Shuyang County during 2003-2010 was analyzed statistically. [Results]During 2003-2010,there were 60 cases of rabies,and all patients died.The average annual incidence rate was 0.42/lakh,and the fatality rate was 100%.There were 38 male patients and 22 female patients,and the male-to-female ratio was 1.73∶1.The youngest and oldest patient was 5 years old and 70 years old respectively,and the average age was 38.36 years old.24 cases were people aged 40~59 years old,which accounted for 40.00% of total cases.47 patients were farmers,which accounted for 78.33%.37 cases occurred during summer and autumn,which accounted for 61.66%.No patient received the standard treatment timely.Before exposure,no patient had been immunized with rabies vaccine or anti-rabies immune globulin.Among 12 patients who were immunized with rabies vaccine after exposure,no one injected the first dose within 24 hours,3 patients received the whole course vaccination,the rabies occurred in 5 patients after fourth dose and in 4 patients after third dose.The rest 48 patients had not been immunized with rabies vaccine. [Conclusion]The main causes of rabies include non-standard treatment and low immunization coverage rate.