上博楚竹書《魯司寇寄言游於逡楚》篇考辨

An Investigative Study of the "Sikou of Lu Entrusted Qun Chu to Yan You" of Shanghai Museum Bamboo Manuscripts

上博楚竹書所謂的《子道餓》篇當稱之爲《魯司寇寄言游於逡楚》。此篇記載的主要是子游之事,與孔子無涉。簡文所謂"魯司寇寄言游於逡楚",子游辭行"至宋、衛之間"遇險,當是子游爲孔子"廬墓三年"以後之事。這是傳世文獻從來沒有過的新記載。以此與《荀子·非十二子》篇互參,可知子游在孔門中的地位,遠勝於子夏、子張之輩。上承孔子,下啓思、孟的,不是顔、曾,而是子游。

The chapter of 'Zi Dao Er' of Shanghai Museum Bamboo Manuscripts,not associated with Confucius,but recording the deed of Ziyou,should be titled as 'Sikou司寇of Lu entrusted Qun Chu to Yan You'.As is recorded in the Bamboo Manuscripts,it might be after three years of mourning for Confucius that Yan You was caught in a dilemma when he came to the area between Song and Wei after Sikou of Lu entrusted Qun Chu to him.This new text indicates that the position of Ziyou is much higher than that of other disciples of Confucius.It is Ziyou,not Ziyuan or Ziyu,that inherited the thoughts of Confucius and initiated the school of Zisizi and Mencius.