清代中国与邻国“疆界观”的碰撞、交融刍议——以中国、越南、朝鲜等国的“疆界观”及影响为中心

The Conflicting and Blending of the Border Concepts between China and Its Neighbors ——Analysis of the Border Concepts and Its Impact on China, Vietnam, Korea and Other Countries

有清一代,在自身"疆界"、与邻国疆域关系等问题上,中国与越南、缅甸、朝鲜等邻国往往同时出现两种"疆界观":一是文化上的"疆界观",是指在文化归属感上的认同与否,即传统的"夷夏之辨";二是地理上的"疆界观",是针对领土、疆域等的现实认知。这两种"疆界观"密切相关,对中国、邻国的疆域变化产生一定影响。由于在这两方面的认识差异,17世纪中期以后中国与一些邻国出现了观念上的碰撞,19世纪中期又因列强入侵从碰撞转向交融。

In Qing Dynasty, two kinds of border concepts appeared simultaneously in China, Vietnam, Korea and the other countries when they faced with border problems and territory relations with neighboring countries. The border concept in culture, which referred to the recognition of belonging or not, ie, the traditional Yi and Xia’s Distinction(夷夏之辨);the geographic boundary concept, which was reality cognition to territory, boundaries etc. The two kinds of border concepts were closely related and had a certain impact on the territory changes in China and the neighboring countries.