清代西北科举与社会环境——以甘肃庆阳进士的时空分布及变迁成因为例

The Imperial Examination and the Social Environment of Northwest Area in Qing Dynasty——Case Offered by the Spatial Distribution and the Causes of Changes of Jinshi(进士) in Qingyang (庆阳),Gansu

清代庆阳科举兴衰与西北社会嬗变有着密切的联系。文章从与明代比较的视角,对清代庆阳科举人才总量的下降、时空分布的变迁及社会成因进行了探讨,认为由于清初陕甘分省造成的省治中心转移、书院教育发展滞后、明末陕北起义、清初王辅臣变乱和同治陕甘回民事变等,对当地经济社会、文化教育发展产生了较大的影响,最终导致清代庆阳科举下滑。

This article discusses the decline of the total amount of the imperial talents, the changes of the time and space distribution and social causes in Qingyang in Qing Dynasty. Through comparation with Ming Dynasty,it argues that the transfer of province center caused by the division of Shaanxi and Gansu, the backward academy education and other accidents had a great influence on local economy, society, culture and education development, which eventually led to the decay of Qingyang’s imperial examination.