广东省斗门县老年人视力障碍及病因的流行病学调查

An epidemiological survey of the visual impairment in elderly population of a Guangdong county

目的 通过人群横断面抽样调查，探讨６０ 岁以上老年人群的视力分布、盲和低视力的患病率及其致病原因。 方法 在广东省斗门县，以村为单位，通过重组随机整群抽样确定检查对象，使用ＥＴＤＲＳ视力表检查裸眼视力、常戴镜视力、针孔视力，并检查外眼、前房、晶体、眼底、眼压等，然后对视力低于０．３的患眼进行主要致病原因诊断。 结果 在６０ 岁以上的４ ２０８人中，实际检查３ ９０８ 人，受检率９２．９％ 。在能完成视力检查的３ ８５５ 人中，盲和低视力的患病率分别为３．４％（９５％ 可信区间２．８％ ～４．１％ ）和１２．９％ （９５％ 可信区间１１．８％ ～１３．９％ ），使用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析校正了混杂作用后，盲的患病率与年龄和教育程度显著相关，与性别无显著相关性。与６０～６９岁组比较，７０～７９岁和８０～９８ 岁组盲的调整比数比分别为２．８８和８．０９。在６４１只盲眼中，主要的致盲原因为白内障（４７．１％ ）、角膜混浊（１５．６％ ）、眼球萎缩（１０．９％ ）、青光眼（６．２％ ）等。 结论 盲和低视力为老年人群的严重致残原因，其患病率随年龄增长而增加，在低教育程度人群中有较高的患病率。白内障、角膜混浊、眼球萎缩和青光眼等为最常见?

Objective To assess the prevalence of blindness and low vision in population aged 60 years and over. Methods All the subjects were identified by clustering sampling technique and careful enumeration in Doumen county, Guangdong province in 1997. Visual acuities, including naked eye, presenting and pinhole visual acuity, were measured by ETDRS visual chart. Eye examinations of external eye, anterior chamber, lens, fundus and intra ocular pressure were carried out as well. The principal cause for all the eyes presenting visual acuity less than 0 3 was diagnosised finally. Results Of 4 208 enumerated subjects, 3 908 individuals were actually examined with response rate of 92 9%. Among 3 855 subjects with available visual acuity, the prevalence of blindness and low vision was 3 4% (95% CI 2 8%～4 1%) and 12 9% (95% CI 11 8%～13 9%) respectively. After adjusted for the confounding effects by logistic regression model, the prevalence of blindness was significantly correlated with age and education level instead of sex. The adjusted odds ratios were 2 88 and 8 09 for the elderly of 70 79 and 80 98 years groups comparing with the 60 69 years group resepctively. The principal causes for 641 blind eyes were cataract (47 1%), corneal opacity (15 6%), atrophy (10 9%) and glaucoma (6 2%). Conclusions Blindness and low vision are important issues causing disabilities in aged population. The prevalence increases significantly with age and in low educational level. Cataract still remains as the leading cause of blindness