文化,是人之设计,还是人之行动的结果?——哈耶克自发社会秩序思想解析

Culture,Human's Design,or the Results of the Action?——the analysis of Hayek's spontaneous social order

哈耶克从人类行为的常规性出发,分析了人们在遵循规则的前提下自发形成的社会秩序和文化制度的内在机制,揭示了理性的有限性和对文化传统的依赖性,尤其强调了社会系统和规则系统自我复制和自我增长的重要性。但在论证细节上,忽略了文化和制度不同层次的含义,以及对社会系统进行分析时的价值倾向。这使得他在运用自发秩序理论分析理解社会制度和具体政策的设计时出现了偏差。即便如此,他的理论分析的视角和方式以及对自由文明的成长机制的论证都具有独特的理论价值和社会价值。

From the regularity of human behavior, Hayek analyzes the interoal mechanism of the social order and cultural systems, which are formed spontaneously on condition that the rules are followed; reveals the finiteness of rationality and dependence on cultural tradihons ; emphasizes the importance of self- replication and self- growth of the social system and the rule system. However, in arguing for details, he ignores the implications of the culture and institution at different levels, as well as value orientation when social systems are analysed. While understanding the social systems and devising the specific policy, he has some deviations. Even so; the perspectives and methods of his analysis, as well as the argument of the growth mechanism of the liberty civilization, have a unique theoretical value and social value.