现代水资源管理新思想及和谐论理念

New Thoughts of Modern Water Management and Harmony Ideas

水资源管理已进入一个全新的阶段,现代水资源管理理念应运而生。在总结水资源管理发展历程,指出其存在问题的基础上,阐述了构建现代化水资源管理体系的必要性,剖析了反映水资源管理新思想的"三条红线"和"河湖水系连通战略"内涵,"三条红线"从用水总量控制、用水效率控制、水功能区限制纳污三方面体现了水资源管理的配置、节约与保护任务要求,将水资源管理工作更加严格化、精细化和系统化;"河湖水系连通战略"是国家新形势下的一种治水方略,目的是通过构建河湖水系连通网络体系,提高水资源统筹调配能力、改善水环境状况、抵御水旱灾害,从而根本上解决我国三大水问题,最终实现人水和谐。最后,介绍了和谐论理念、量化方法及在水资源管理中的应用,包括构建人与自然和谐相处的和谐论途径、水资源管理的和谐论策略、分区分部门水资源合理分配的和谐论模型、跨界河流分水问题的和谐论模型、跨流域调水问题的和谐论模型、水污染物总量控制的和谐论模型等,为水资源管理工作指明了方向。

Water resources management can generally experience four phrases, i.e., infancy, development, rapid development, and formation. At present, existing problems of water resources management are as follows： a decentralized water resources management system, an imperfect law system, a weak implementation, a premature market policy, an irrational water price system, incomplete water-saving measures, a weak water-saving consciousness, an incomplete technical supporting system, and an imperfect examination system. In this context, modem water resources management emerges. This paper expounds the necessity of structuring modem water resources management system, and analyzes the connotations of ＂Three Red Lines＂ and ＂Interconnected River and Lake System Network Connotation＂ that reflect new thoughts of water resources management. They all reflect the sustainable utilization of water resources and human-water harmony. The ＂Three Red Lines＂ is the key of the most strict water management system, and represents distribution, protection, and saving tasks of water resources management from total water amount control, water use efficiency control, and quantity control of pollutants discharge into the water function area. It makes water resources management more effective, specific, and systemic. The ＂Three Red Lines＂ points out the direction and establishes the key for modem integrated water resources management of China. The ＂Interconnected River and Lake System Network Connotation＂ is a positive strategy for increasing water resources deployment ability, improving water environment status, and resisting flood and drought in the new situations. The aim is to thoroughly resolve three water-related problems, i.e., drought and water shortage, flood disaster, and deterioration of water environment, through constructing an interconnected fiver and lake system network, and to finally realize the human-water harmony. At last, concepts, quantification methods, and applications in water resources management of harmony theory were introduced. Concrete applications in water resources management include： 1） the harmonious way between human and nature; 2） a harmony strategy for water resources management; 3） a rational allocation mode of water resources among different areas and departments based on harmony theory; 4） water allocation issues of transboundary rivers based on harmony theory; 5） water transfer problems of inter-basin based on harmony theory; and 6） control of pollutants discharge based on harmony theory. Harmony theory and its applications guide a right path for water resources management in China.